REGION

TRANSNATIONAL PIPELINE (NAME)

OIL/GAS

PLANNED (P), IN-PROGRESS (IP) or COMPLETED (C)

IF BEING PLANNED, IN WHICH STAGE OF PLANNING. ALSO, PROJECTED START/COMPLETION DATES.

STARTING POINT

ENDING POINT

TRANSIT STATE(S)

CAPACITY (INITIAL)

LENGTH

DIAMETER

DATE OF COMPLETION

OPERATION COMMENCEMENT DATE

CAPITAL COST

OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT

TARIFF/TRANSIT FEES

DISPUTES

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

NOTES

SOURCE

SECURITY

SIZE OF SECURITY

TARGET OF TERRORIST ATTACK

GOVERNMENT PROVIDED / FUNDED

PRIVATELY FUNDED

NUMBER OF SECURITY PERSONNEL

COSTS

IF YES, LAST INCIDENT (YEAR)?

AFRICA

I N P R O C

OT1

Oil

In Amenas field, Algeria

La Skhira, Tunisia

304,000 bbl/d

160-mile

EIA, Algeria Mar 2007

Trans-Mediterranean (aka Transmed, TTPC, Enrico Mattei)

Natural gas

Hassi R'Mel field, Algeria

Italy

Tunisia

2.32 Bcf/d. Could increase to 3.48 Bcf/d with plans to construct additional compressor.

670-mile

1983, doubled in 1994.

Italian company Agip (subsidiary of Eni) operates the pipeline along with Algeria's state-owned Sonatrach. The transport system in Tunisia is managed by TTPC (Trans Tunisian Pipeline Company). The undersea section from the Tunisian coast to Sicily is run by TMPC (Trans Mediterranean Pipeline Company).

Line runs from Hassi R'Mel, via Tunisia and Sicily, to mainland Italy.

EIA, Italy May 2006, EIA, Tunisia April 2006 and EIA, Algeria Mar 2007

Maghreb-Europe Gas (MEG, also called Pedro Duran Farell)

Natural gas

Hassi R'Mel field, Algeria

Cordoba, Spain

Morocco

820 Mmcf/d. To be increased to 1.78 Bcf/d by end of 2006.

1,000-mile

1996

Consortium led by Spain's Enagas, Morocco's SNPP, and Algeria's Sonatrach

At Morocco, pipeline ties into the Spanish and Portuguese natural gas transmission networks.

EIA, Iberian Peninsula June 2006 and EIA, Algeria Mar 2007

Medgaz

Natural gas

Consortium led by Spain's Cepsa and Algeria's Sonatrach formed in July 2001 to build the pipeline. In Sept 2002, the consortium completed a feasibility study. Initial construction should begin around June 2007, with expected completion by 2009.

Beni Saf, Algeria

Almeria, Spain

8 Bcm/y

210 km

24 inches

$1.2 billion

Consortium consists of Spain's Cepsa (20%) and Algeria's Sonatrach (20%).

May have an eventual extension to France.

EIA, Iberian Peninsula June 2006, EIA, Algeria Mar 2007 and EIA, France April 2007. Medgaz website (http://www.medgaz.com/medgaz/index.html)

Galsi

Natural gas

In 2002, Algeria's Sonatrach signed a deal with Italy's Enel and Germany's Wintershall to form Galsi, a consortium to build the pipeline. In May 2005, Sonatrach signed letters of intent with twelve potential natural gas purchasers, covering the entire planned capacity of the system. Pipeline is currently under construction and Galsi plans to complete the project in 2009-2010.

Gassi R'Mel, Algeria

Pescaia, Italy

9-10 Bcm/y

Approximately 900 kilometres, more than 300 of which are in waters over 2000 metres deep, in the Mediterranean Sea between Algeria and Sardinia.

$2 billion

Edison has an 18% share in the company Galsi, which was set up for conducting the feasibility study of the gas pipeline between Algeria and Italy (via Sardinia) in November 2002. Edison's partners are the Algerian company Sonatrach (with 36% of the capital), Enel (13.5%), Wintershall (13.5%), Hera Trading (9%), Sfirz (5%) and Progemisa (5%).

Line from Gassi R'Mel to El Kal Algeria is onshore, then an underwater section to Cagliari, Sardinia, to be followed by an onshore section to Olbia, Sardinia, then a final offshore pipeline to C.D. Pescaia.

EIA, Italy May 2006 and EIA, Algeria Mar 2007. Edison website, under New Projects.

WAGP (West African Gas Pipeline)

Natural gas

Operational start-up is expected during March 2007.

Niger Delta, Nigeria

Takoradi, Ghana

Benin, Togo

200 MMcf/d, eventually to 450 MMcf/d within 15 years.

620-mile

$590 million

WAGP partners are ChevronTexaco (36.7%), Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) (25%), Shell (18%), Ghana's Takoradi Power Company (16.3%), and Societe Beninoise de Gas and Societe Togolaise de Gas each with 2%. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Development Association (IDA) are helping to fund the WAGP by giving $75 million and $50 million, respectively.

Since Dec 2005, Nigeria has experienced increased pipeline vandalism as part of the militant takeover of oil facilities in the Niger Delta. The Niger Delta rebel group MEND (Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta) and other militia organizations are reportedly behind the attacks, which have also committed numerous kidnappings of oil workers. Thus, thousands of foreign workers, their families and at least three companies (including a private drilling company and a pipeline laying company) have left. MEND has set conditions for the Nigerian government to meet, including greater revenue sharing of oil wealth, increased local control of oil poverty, the release of tribal prisoners, and transparency of government budgets, or else it has vowed to continue the attacks. Source: EIA's Nigeria Country Analysis Brief. For further information, see Tom O'neill's National Geographic's Feb 2007 report: "Curse of the Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta" available on the National Geographic website.

Chevron's Escravos gas -to-liquids (EGTL) project, which is expected to reach completion in 2009 but has halted since a breakdown in salary negotiations in Jan 2007, may link the Escravos pipeline system with the WAGP.

EIA, Nigeria Apr 2007 and EIA, West Africa June 2006. Tom O'neill, National Geographic, "Curse of the Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta" Feb 2007, report available on the National Geographic website.

Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline (TSGP) (aka Trans-African Gas Pipeline or NIGAL)

Natural gas

Nigeria and Algeria continue discussions. Feasibility study contract was awarded to UK-based pipeline engineering group Penspen. Projected to take six years for its construction. The Algerian government would like to see the pipeline functioning by 2015, according to EIA's Algeria Country Analysis Brief.

Warri, Nigeria

Hassi R'Mel, Algeria

Niger

18-25 Bcm/y

2,800 mile

$7 billion. Nigerian and Algerian governments have sought financial assistance from the World Bank and the New Project for Africa's Development (NEPAD).

Algeria's Sonatrach and the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC), the Nigerian state oil company, formed the Trans-Saharan Natural Gas Consortium (NIGEL) in 2002 to construct the pipeline.

The pipeline would utilize the proposed Medgaz and existing Transmed pipeline to carry Nigerian gas to European markets.

EIA, Algeria Mar 2007 and EIA, Nigeria Apr 2007. Alexander's Gas & Oil, June 9 2005, "Nigeria and Algeria Begin Study of $ 6bn Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline." Tom O'neill, National Geographic, "Curse of the Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta" Feb 2007, report available on the National Geographic website.

Mozambique-Zimbabwe Petrozim Petroleum Products Pipeline

Oil

Beira, Mozambique

Msasa, Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe imports 80% of its petroleum through the pipeline. Zimbabwe's Noczim is planning to construct an additional pipeline from Beira to Msasa to help meet Zimbabwe's oil demand.

EIA, Southern Africa June 2006

Tanzania-Zambia (TAZAMA)

Oil

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Indeni, Zambia

22,000 bbl/d

1,069-mile

Owned by Tazama Pipeline Limited which is jointly owned by the Government of Zambia (66.7%) and Government of Tanzania (33.3%). In August 2002, both countries announced they were considering privatizing the jointly owned pipeline. In Oct 2004, the Zambian government decided not to privatize the pipeline due to its strategic importance to the national economy.

Serious problems facing the pipeline include vandalism and the deterioration of pumping equipment. Source: EIA's Southern Africa Country Analysis Brief.

EIA, Greater Lakes Region Feb 2004 and EIA Southern Africa, June 2006. Zambia Privatization Agency website (www.zpa.org)

Kenya - Uganda (No official name)

Oil

The Kenyan and Ugandan governments announced its plans for the pipeline in May 1999. Plans were finalized in a formal agreement by the two nations in October 2000. Construction is hoped to be operational by the first quarter of 2007, though lack of considerable investor interest has inhibited construction.

Eldoret, Kenya

Kampala, Uganda

16,500 bbl/d

$80-100 million

To be extended from an existing Kenyan pipeline. The pipeline will supply Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, northwest Tanzania and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

EIA, Great Lakes Region Feb 2004

Chad-Cameroon [Map]

Oil

Doba basin, Chad

Kribi, Cameroon

225,000 bbl/d (est.)

670-mile

October 2004.

$3.5 billion to construct pipeline and export facilities. As a prerequisite for the $93 million World Bank loan (to fund each country's government stake in the project), Chad adopted a Petroleum Revenues Management Law (PRML). See Notes section for further details.

The Tchad Oil Transport Company (TOTCO) and the Cameroon Oil Transport Company (COTCO) have respective ownership of each country's portion of the pipeline. The project's consortium includes subsidiaries of ExxonMobil (40%), Petronas (35%), and Chevron (25%). Project operator is ExxonMobil's subsidiary Esso Exploration & Production Chad, Inc. See Esso's Chad/Cameroon Development Project Fact Sheet 2001.

Cameroon will earn an estimated 46 cents on every barrel of oil transported through the pipeline. Source: EIA's Chad and Cameroon Country Analysis Brief.

Many route changes were made to the pipeline to protect the Deng Deng forest, the environmentally sensitive M’béré Rift Valley, and to avoid Bakola Pygmy villages and hunting areas. The project has also endowed an environmental foundation to fund the Indigenous Peoples Plan and to support two new national parks. See Esso's Chad/Cameroon Development Project Fact Sheet 2001.

Chad was the first country to accept a conditional loan from the World Bank based on oil-revenue spending restrictions: Chad's Petroleum Revenues Management Law (PRML) requires the allocation of 80% of Chad's oil revenues to health, education, rural development, environmental concerns, and other social services (the remaining 20% to be divided between government expenditures and as a supplement to the Doba region. In Jan 2006, a dispute between the Chadian government and the World Bank occurred over the PRML when the Chadian government voted to allow the additional (20%) revenues to be allocated to the general budget. In response, the World Bank suspended loans to Chad and froze the country's oil revenue accounts. After months of stalemate and threats by the Chadian Oil Ministry to shutdown oil production, the two sides reached a compromise in July whereby Chad committed 70% of revenues towards development programs and the remaining 30% for government expenditures. Source: EIA's Chad and Camerooon Country Analysis Brief.

EIA, Chad and Cameroon Jan 2007. Esso's Chad/Cameroon Development Project Fact Sheet 2001 (www.essochad.com). World Bank Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Pipeline Project website (www.worldbank.org/afr/ccproj)

Libya - Cap Bon, Tunisia (No official name)

Natural gas

Libya and Tunisia set up a joint venture gas company in Oct 2003 to build the pipeline.

Libya

Cap Bon, Tunisia

70 Bcf

In late 1998, Tunisia and Libya signed an agreement for around 70 Bcf/y to be delivered from Libya to Tunisia, and a joint venture company was formed in 2003 to build the pipeline.

EIA, Libya Mar 2006

Mellitah, Libya - Gabes, Tunisia (No official name)

Natural gas

Joint venture set up in May 1997.

Mellitah, Libya

Gabes, Tunisia

EIA, Libya Mar 2006

Libya - Egypt (No official name)

Oil

Joint venture agreement reached in 2001 between Libya's National Oil Company (NOC) and Egypt's EGPC for construction of the pipeline.

Libya

Alexandria, Egypt

Joint venture company formed for the project is called "Arab Company for Oil and Gas Pipelines" or ACOG.

EIA, Libya Mar 2006

Egypt - Libya (No official name)

Natural gas

Joint venture agreement reached in 2001 between Libya's National Oil Company (NOC) and Egypt's EGPC for construction of the pipeline.

Egypt

Libya

Joint venture company formed for the project is called "Arab Company for Oil and Gas Pipelines" or ACOG.

EIA, Libya Mar 2006

Namibia - South Africa (No official name)

Natural gas

Pipeline has been proposed.

Kudu field, Namibia

Cape Town, South Africa

EIA, South Africa Apr 2007

Mozambique-South Africa

Natural gas

Pande, Temane fields, Mozambique

South Africa

524 MMcf/d

536-mile

2005

Sasol, a South African company and the world's largest manufacturer of oil from coal, the South African government and the government of Mozambique own the pipeline through a joint venture.

EIA, South Africa Apr 2007