REGION TRANSNATIONAL PIPELINE (NAME) OIL/GAS PLANNED (P), IN-PROGRESS (IP) or COMPLETED (C) IF BEING PLANNED, IN WHICH STAGE OF PLANNING. ALSO, PROJECTED START/COMPLETION DATES. STARTING POINT ENDING POINT TRANSIT STATE(S) CAPACITY (INITIAL) LENGTH DIAMETER DATE OF COMPLETION OPERATION COMMENCEMENT DATE CAPITAL COST  OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT TARIFF/TRANSIT FEES DISPUTES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES NOTES SOURCE SECURITY SIZE OF SECURITY TARGET OF TERRORIST ATTACK
GOVERNMENT PROVIDED / FUNDED PRIVATELY FUNDED NUMBER OF SECURITY PERSONNEL COSTS IF YES, LAST INCIDENT (YEAR)?
EUROPE   I N  P R O C E S S  O F  B E I N G  C O M P L E T E D         
  Baltic Gas Interconnector (BGI) Natural gas P Project proposed by a consortium of natural gas companies, led by E.ON. Project has won approval from Germany, Sweden, and the EU, but Denmark is undecided. Denmark's approval is crucial since the planned route passes through Danish territorial waters. Source: EIA's Germany Country Analysis Brief. Rostock, Germany Copenhagen, Denmark and Trelleborg, Sweden     130-mile                   EIA, Germany Dec 2006          
Mittel-Europaeische-Gasleitung (MEGAL) Natural gas C   Czech Republic Germany Oberkappel, Austria 2.1 Bcf/d MEGAL-Nord: 290-mile. MEGAL-Sud: 100-mile 800 mm 1979     E.ON Ruhrgas owns a majority stake.       Consists of two parts: MEGAL-Nord which links the Czech Republic and Medelsheim, Germany and MEGAL-Sud which extends from Oberkappel, Austria to Schwandorf, Germany where it connects to MEGAL-Nord. Besides facilitating transport of natural gas from Russia to France, the MEGAL system also has several interconnections with Germany's domestic gas transport network. Source: EIA's Germany Country Analysis Brief. The MEGAL system originated during the Soviet Union, and as part of the Transgas Pipeline Network was divided into the USSR-FRG line and the USSR-France line.  EIA, Germany Dec 2006. Victor, David G. (ed.), Amy M. Jaffe and Mark H. Hayes, Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Cambridge University Press, 2006          
Sachsen-Thueringen-Erdgasleitung (STEGAL) Natural gas C   St. Katharinen, Czech Republic Reckrod, Germany   Capacity increased in May 2006 to 0.5 Bcf/d 200-mile   1992     Wingas completed an expansion of  the STEGAL system in May 2006. Wingas was formed in 1993 as a strategic alliance between the world’s largest producer of natural gas, Gazprom, and Wintershall, the wholly owned subsidiary of Germany’s largest industrial gas consumer, BASF AG (BASF). Source: Wingas website       STEGAL allows Germany to import natural gas from Russia via the Czech and Slovak natural gas transmission systems. Pipeline is also reversible, allowing transmission of North Sea natural gas to the Czech Republic and Slovakia instead. EIA, Germany Dec 2006. STEGAL website (http://www.wingas.de/stegal.html?&L=1). Victor, David G. (ed.), Amy M. Jaffe and Mark H. Hayes, Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Cambridge University Press, 2006. Wingas website (http://www.wingas.de/index.php?&L=1)          
Rotterdam-Rhein Pipeline (RRP) Oil C   Rotterdam, Netherlands Wessling, Germany   690,000 bbl/d 200-mile                   EIA, Germany Dec 2006          
Suedeuropauische Oelleitung (South European Pipeline or SPSE) Oil C   Fos-su-Mer/Lavera, France Karlsruhe, Germany   670,000 bbl/d 480-mile         In 1958, sixteen oil companies from six different countries created The South European Pipeline (SPSE). Today, the shareholders of the SPSE are: BP France/BP p.l.c. (12.10 %), BASF AG (10%), CococoPhillips Germany GmbH (2%), ExxonMobil Corporation (22%), Société des Pétroles Shell (10.32%), Société de Participations dans l'Industrie et le Transport du Pétrole (15.4%), Total France/Total SA (27.84%). Source: SPSE website.         EIA, Germany Dec 2006. SPSE website (http://64.233.179.104/translate_c?hl=en&u=http://www.spse.fr/index.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dspse%2Bpipeline%26hl%3Den)          
Central European Line (CEL) Oil, later converted to carry Natural gas C   Genoa, Italy Ingolstadt, Germany               Owned by E.ON-Ruhrgas and Bayerngas after the pipelines' conversion to carry natural gas.     Due in part to environmental issues, CEL was closed in 1997. Rising costs, environmental issues, and competition from the TAL pipeline forced the closure of the CEL in 1997. The line was subsequently converted to carry natural gas, and is now owned by E.ON-Ruhrgas and Bayerngas. Source: EIA's Germany Country Analysis Brief. EIA, Germany Dec 2006          
Tuy Natural gas C   Spain Portugal               Operated by Spain's Enagas.         EIA, Iberian Peninsula June 2006          
Tarifa Natural gas C   Spain Portugal   1.08 Bcf/d           Operated by Spain's Enagas.         EIA, Iberian Peninsula June 2006          
Euskadour Natural gas C   LNG terminal Bilbao, Spain Lussagnet, France   48 Mmcf/d 19-mile   Inaugurated October 2006     Inaugurated by France's Total and Spain’s Gas de Euskadi.       Will allow Spain to re-export natural gas to the north. EIA, Iberian Peninsula June 2006 and EIA, France April 2007          
Trans-Pyrenean  Natural gas C   Norway Calahora, Spain Lacq, France 330 Mmcf/d       1993           Allows Spain to import natural gas from Norway via France.  EIA, Iberian Peninsula June 2006 and EIA, France April 2007          
Italy-Greece Pipeline (IGI) Natural gas P Agreement signed November 2005 between governments of Italy and Greece to build the pipeline. Construction will start within 2008 for completion expected in 2011, according to the Edison website.  Greece Italy   8 Bcm/y Approx. 800 kilometres long, 600 of which will be built by DEPA in Greek territory and 200 in the marine section between the Greek coast and Italy's Apulia region.       $1.3 billion Being developed by DEPA, Greece's national natural gas company, and Edison, (Italian company jointly controlled by Electricité de France and Italian utility AEM S.p.A.), in collaboration with Botas, Turkey's national gas company.       Line to go under the Strait of Otranto. The system will be an extension of the natural gas pipeline currently under construction between Greece and Turkey. EIA, Italy May 2006. Edison, Annual Report 2005. Edison website, New Projects.          
Greenstream [Map] Natural gas C   Mellitah, Libya Gela, Sicily   8 Bcm/y when fully operational 370-mile 32 inch   October 2004. $6.6 billion 75% owned by Eni, an Italian multinational oil and gas company. Italy's Edison Gas has committed, under a "take-or-pay" contract, to taking around half (140 Bcf/y) of the gas transported by Greenstream. Italy's Energia Gas and Gaz de France have each also committed to taking around 70 Bcf of the gas.       Underwater pipeline, built as part of the Western Libyan Gas Project (WLGP), which is a 50/50 joint venture between Italy's Eni and Libya's National Oil Company (NOC).  After reaching Sicily, the gas flows to the Italian mainland, and then onwards to the rest of Europe.   EIA, Italy May 2006 and EIA, Libya Mar 2006. Eni website, under Main Projects.          
Trans-European Natural Gas Pipeline (Trans-Europe Naturgas Pipeline or TENP) [Map] Natural gas C   Netherlands Italy Germany, Switzerland 44 Mmcm/d 600-mile         Joint venture of E.ON Ruhrgas and Italy's Snam Rete, part of the Eni group.       System also supports a reverse flow operations making it possible to use the TENP to transport Algerian or Libyan natural gas from Italy to Germany. Source: EIA's Germany Country Analysis Brief. Pipeline connects to the Transitgas system. EIA, Italy May 2006 and EIA, Germany Dec 2006. Eni Business Area Gas & Power website.          
Transitgas [Map] Natural gas C   Netherlands Italy Germany, Switzerland   293 km. Crosses Switzerland for 165 km from Wallbach, Germany     April 1974.   Eni Gas Transport International SA and Swissgas AG have also entrusted Transitgas AG, owner of the pipeline, with running and maintaining the system.       Joins the TENP pipeline to Passo Gries at the Italian border where it joins the Italian network (TENP) owned by Snam Rete Gas S.p.A.. In 2001 a new 55-kilometre line from Rodersdorf/Oltingue (an interconnection point with the network owned by Gaz de France), at the French-Swiss border to Lostorf (an interconnection point with the line coming from Wallbach) was built for transporting Norwegian gas. EIA, Italy May 2006. Eni Gas Transport International website.          
Bernau - Szczecin                          (No official name) Natural gas P Construction proposed by E.ON Ruhrgas and Bartimpex. Bartimpex, the company leading the project, announced its intentions to move ahead with the pipeline in March 2004. In December 2005 it announced its continued interest in the project, although potential funding is still unclear. Bernau, Germany Szczecin, Poland   88 Bcf/y, with potential to be increased to 177 Bcf/y           Construction proposed by E.ON Ruhrgas and PHZ Bartimpex S.A. of Poland.         EIA, North-Central Europe Feb 2006 and EIA, Germany Dec 2006          
Slovakia - Austria                         (No official name) Oil P According to EIA's North-Central Europe Country Analysis Brief, it is not clear whether this pipeline project will proceed. Slovakia Austria   Initial capacity of 72,000 bbl/d, expandable to 100,000 bbl/d with installation of additional pumping stations. 38-mile         Plan negotiated between Slovakia's oil transportation company, Transpetrol and Austrian oil company, OMV, to construct and operate the pipeline jointly.       Pipeline would enable OMV to import Russian oil directly. The company previously imported solely from the Trieste oil terminal in Italy.  EIA, North-Central Europe Feb 2006          
ILK (Ingolstadt-Kralupy nad Vltavou-Litvinov) Oil C   Trieste, Italy (via TAL pipeline) Czech Republic               Operated by Mero CR         EIA, North-Central Europe Feb 2006          
Siret-Cernauti Natural gas P Originally contracted in 2004 but was delayed by the political crisis in Ukraine and construction has yet to begin. EIA Southeastern Europe Country Analysis Brief. Siret, Romania Cernauti, Ukraine               Contracted between Romanian state-owned Transgaz and the Ukrainian authorities.         EIA, Southeastern Europe Aug 2006          
Arad-Szeged Natural gas IP Construction begun in 2006 and expected to be completed by 2008. Arad, Romania Szeged, Hungary     65-mile: 40 miles in Romania, 25 miles in Hungary.                   EIA, Southeastern Europe Aug 2006          
Trans Alpine Pipeline (TAL) Oil C   Trieste, Italy Austria, Germany   690,000 bb/d in 2004. TAL-IG: 290-mile. TAL-OR:140-mile. TAL-IG: 40 inch. TAL-OR: 26 inch               The system has two principle component: TAL-IG links Trieste, Italy with Ingolstadt, Bavaria. TAL-OR links Ingolstadt, Bavaria to Karlsruhe, near the Germany-France border. EIA, Germany Dec 2006 and EIA, Southeastern Europe Aug 2006          
Constanta-Trieste (aka PanEuropean Oil Pipeline, Constanta-Omisalj-Trieste, South-East European Line (SEEL) and Constanta-Pancevo-Omisalj-Trieste pipeline, or CPOT) Oil P In April 2007, the European Commission and representatives of seven European governments signed an agreement to begin construction of the pipeline. Would be operational by 2011-2012. Constanta, Romania Trieste, Italy Pancevo, Serbia, Omisalj, Croatia 480,000 bbl/d, eventually to 800,000-1.8 million bbl/d when connection to Trieste completed. 870-mile. Largest portion of the line (400 miles) will be in Romania.       $2.3 billion. Romanian portion will incur $1.2-2.1 billion of the total project costs.         From Pancevo the pipeline would connect to an exisiting branch of the Adria pipeline. At Trieste, the pipeline will connect with the Trans Alpine Pipeline (TAL). EIA, Southeastern Europe Aug 2006, EIA, Balkans Factsheet Feb 2006 and Italy, May 2007.          
Burgas-Alexandropoulis Oil IP Bulgaria, Greece, and Russia agreed to build the pipeline in Jan 1997. MOU on commencement of pipeline construction signed Nov 2004, though not followed through due to Russia's support of AMBO as an alternative to the pipeline. Greece continued to lobby for construction of the pipeline, and the final MOU was signed in April 2005. Deal capping negotiations signed March 15, 2007. Expected to be completed in three years' time. Burgas, Bulgaria Alexandroupolis, Greece   700,000 bbl/d, potential capacity of 1 million bbl/d 178-mile       $900 million A consortium of state-controlled Russian energy companies--Transneft, Rosneft, and Gazprom--will hold a 51% stake in the project. In response, Bulgarian state-controlled Bulgaraz and the Universal Terminal Bourgas (UTB) proposed to co-create a Bulgarian corporation that will control a minimum 24.5% of the remaining 49% of the pipeline. Greek candidates have created the Thraki company for the project, but it is unclear whether Greece will accept the new conditions, as the project originally stated in the MOU that the three partners would share equal 33% stakes in the pipeline. Source: EIA Southeastern Europe Country Analysis Brief. According to Greece's development ministry, Greece could profit between $30 and $50 million per year from the pipeline. Source: EIA's Greece Country Analysis Brief.     The underground pipeline will allow Russian oil shipments heading to the West to avoid travelling through Turkey's crowded Bosphorus Strait. EIA, Southeastern Europe Aug 2006 and EIA, Greece Aug 2006. BBC News, March 15 2007, "Russia Clinches Balkan Oil Deal". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, March 15 2007, "Russia, Greece, and Bulgaria Sign Pipeline Deal"          
Albanian-Macedonian-Bulgarian Oil Pipeline (AMBO) Oil IP Feasibility study funded by the U.S. government was successfully completed in Sept 2002, with the Albanians approving the proposed route across their territory in Dec 2003. MOU signed by ministers from Bulgaria, Albania, and Macedonia and the president of the AMBO Pipeline Corporation on December 28, 2004. Construction to begin late 2008. First oil expected to be pumped in 2011. Source: EIA's Balkans Factsheet. Burgas, Bulgaria Vlore, Albania Macedonia 750,000 bbl/d 894-km, 273-km passing through Macedonia       $1.2 billion: $930 million would be provided by international donors, such as the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Export-Import Bank and the U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation.  The AMBO Pipeline Corporation, based in New York, has been established with exclusive rights to develop the project. Transit fees estimated at $30 million annually for Macedonia.     Pipeline wouuld allow sea borne oil exports from Russia and the Caspian Sea region to flow overland between the Black Sea to the Adriatic, bypassing Turkey's increasingly congested Bosporus and Dardanelles. AMBO is one of the several "Bosporus bypass" oil pipeline proposals currently under consideration or in development. Source: EIA's Balkans Factsheet. EIA, Southeastern Europe Aug 2006 and EIA, Balkans Factsheet Feb 2006. Southeast European Times, Feb 14, 2007 "AMBO Pipeline Deal Clears Another Hurdle"          
Aegean (Greece-Turkey) Natural gas IP Due for completion by 2009 Turkey Thrace, Greece                       Pipeline is part of the EU's Southern European Gas Ring (SEGR) program, which plans to interconnect the gas grids of Turkey, Greece and Italy by the end of 2010. Line may be used in the future to import Caspian Sea natural gas. EIA, Greece Aug 2006          
Turkey-Greece Natural gas IP Construction begun July 2005. Scheduled for completion by Oct 2006. Greece is still building its 57-mile section of the pipeline. Karacabey, Turkey Komitini, Greece   Initial 28 Bcf/y, eventually 407 Bcf/y by 2012. 186-mile         Turkish section constructed by BOTAS, Turkey's state-owned natural gas company.       Eventually, the line will be linked to the planned Greece-Italy pipeline. Pipeline is part of the EU's Southern European Gas Ring (SEGR) progam, which plans to interconnect the gas grids of Turkey, Greece and Italy by the end of 2010.  EIA, Greece Aug 2006 and EIA, Turkey Oct 2006          
Greece-Italy Interconnection Project (Poseidon) Natural gas P Agreement signed in 2005. Construction expected to begin in 2008 and be completed by 2011. Greece Apulia Region, Italy   up to 370 Bcf 130-mile       $380 million Agreement signed between Greece's principal gas operating company, the Public Gas Corporation of Greece (DEPA) and Edison, a private Italian company.       Pipeline is an extension of the Aegean (Greece-Turkey) pipeline to Italy across the Adriatic Sea. EIA, Russia Apr 2007 and EIA, Greece Aug 2006          
Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) Natural gas P Feasibility study concluded March 2006. In March 2007, the underlying planning work (extended basic engineering) for the pipeline project was been completed. Construction is due to commence in 2008, and TAP is scheduled to become operational in 2010.  Greece Brindisi, Italy Albania  10 bcm/y 513-km (117-km between Albania and Italy) Onshore: 52-inch Offshore: 36-inch       Project launched by Swiss energy trading company EGL         TAP homepage (http://www.trans-adriatic-pipeline.com)          
Trans-Caspian Natural gas Canceled Turkey's Botas signed agreement to build the pipeline in May 1999, but the project has been effectively shelved, owing to the discovery of the Shah Deniz field in Azerbaijan. Source: EIA Turkey Country Analysis Brief. Turkmenistan Turkey Azerbaijan, Georgia 1.1 Tcf/y 1,050-mile       $2-3 billion         There is still a possibility that Turkmen natural gas may reach Turkey through the South Caucasus Pipeline. EIA, Turkey Oct 2006 and EIA, Caspian Sea Region: Reserves and Pipelines July 2002          
Greece-Macedonia Oil C   Thessaloniki, Greece Skopje, Macedonia     140-mile     2002   Managed by a Greek-Macedonian consortium. Operated by HP (Hellenic Petroleum) since 2002.         EIA, Greece Aug 2006          
Trans-Balkan Natural gas C   Russia Turkey Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria 494 Bcf/y                     EIA, Turkey Oct 2006          
Samsun-Ceyhan Pipeline (SCP) Oil P Turkey's Council of Ministers gave initial approval to the construction in May 2006. Kazakh section of the Caspian Sea Ceyhan, Turkey   1 million bbl/d 350-mile         Being developed by a 50-50 joint venture between Italy's ENI and Turkey's Calik Energy, called the Trans-Anadolu Pipeline Company (TAPPCO), which as of September 2006 holds the only Turkish government license to develop a Bosporus bypass project. Source: EIA Turkey Country Analysis Brief.         EIA, Turkey Oct 2006          
Balgzand-Bacton Line (BBL) Natural gas C   Balgzand, Netherlands Bacton, England   1.1 Bcf/d with maximum capacity of 1.7 Bcf/d 146-mile     December 2006.   BBL Company was established in July 2004 in order to design, construct, operate and exploit the BBL pipeline. BBL Company is a joint venture of three partners: Gasunie BBL B.V. (60%), E.ON Ruhrgas BBL B.V. (20%) and Fluxys BBL B.V. (20%)         EIA, UK May 2006. BBL website (http://www.bblcompany.com/index.htm)          
Gassco Natural gas P Gassco formed a consortium of Norwegian and Swedish companies to consider the project. In late 2006, Gassco planned to issue a tender for a feasibility study of the project. Gas could start pumping in 2012 following a final decision which is expected in 2009. Karsto terminal, Norway Sweden, Denmark   780 MMcf/d 800-km       $1.1 billion Consortium formed by Gasso, the Norwegian state-owned gas transport firm.         EIA, Norway Aug 2006. BBC News, Jan 29 2007 "Scandinavian Gas Pipeline Planned"          
Langeled Natural gas IP Construction begun June 2005 with completion expected by 2007. Ormen Lange field, Norway Easington, England   20 Bcm/y 750-mile Nyhamna-Sleipner Riser leg: 42-inch. Sleipner Riser-Easington leg:  44-inch     $10 billion The Langeled joint venture comprises the Ormen Lange licensees as well as ConocoPhillips and Gassco, the Norwegian state-owned gas firm. It has been formed to build, operate and own the system from Nyhamna to Easington. Hydro is operator for Langeled in the planning and development phase, while Gassco is operator for production. Statoil heads the pipeline project for gas export in cooperation with Hydro. Statoil is also technical service provider (TSP) for Langeled. Interests include: Hydro 17.6% (development operator), Gassco 0% (production operator), Petoro 32.9%, Shell 16.5%, Statoil 14.9%, Dong 10.2%, ExxonMobil 6.9%, ConocoPhillips 0.7%       Includes two subsea pipelines connecting Ormen Lange to a new receiving terminal at Nyhamna and a 750-mile pipeline linking Nyhamma to Easington. Will be the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world, according to the EIA's UK Country Analysis Brief. EIA, UK May 2006 and EIA, Norway Aug 2006. Statoil website (under Projects)